2002年研究生入学考试英语试题
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Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A (每题1分，共5分) Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions: For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you?ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)

1、Major at University

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【正确答案】
sociology

2、Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year)

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【正确答案】
1930

3、Field Study in the South Pacific (Age)

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【正确答案】
23

4、Main Interest

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【正确答案】
religions

5、Professorship at Columbia Started (Year)

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【正确答案】
1954

Section Ⅰ Part B(每题1分，共5分) Directions: For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S.journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)

6、Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker?s home?

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【正确答案】
cameramen / camera men

7、 One reporter got to the speaker?s apartment pretending to pay

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【正确答案】
a personal visit

8、The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking

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【正确答案】
depressed

9、Where is a correction to a false story usually placed?

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【正确答案】
among advertisements

10、According to the speaker, the press will lose readers unless the editors and the news directors

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【正确答案】
take firm

Section Ⅰ Part C （共三节，满分10分） Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A] ，[B]，[C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points) Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children?s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.

11、What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?

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【正确答案】
D
 [A]How much exercise they get every day.
 [B]What they are most worried about.
 [C]How long their parents accompany them daily.
 [D]What entertainment they are interested in.

12、The academy suggests that children under age two

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【正确答案】
B
 [A]get enough entertainment.
 [B]have more activities.
 [C]receive early education.
 [D]have regular checkups.

13、According to the report, children?s bedrooms should

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【正确答案】
C
 [A]be no place for play.
 [B]be near a commom area.
 [C]have no TV sets.
 [D]have a computer for study.

Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14.According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?

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【正确答案】
D
 [A]Family debts.
 [B]Bank savings.
 [C]Monthly bills.
 [D]Spending habits.

15、How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack?a?day habit?

（本题分值：1分）

【正确答案】
B
 [A]$190，000
 [B]$330，000
 [C]$500，000
 [D]$1，000，000

16、What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?

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【正确答案】
A
 [A]Invest into a mutual fund.
 [B]Use the discount tickets.
 [C]Quit his eating?out habit.
 [D]Use only paper bills and save coins.

Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Gliederman, a domestic?relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17.Which word best describes the lawyer?s prediction of the change in divorce rate?

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【正确答案】
A
 [A]Fall.
 [B]Rise.
 [C]V?shape.
 [D]T?shape.

18、What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?

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【正确答案】
D
 [A]To embrace changes of thought.
 [B]To adapt to the disintegrated family life.
 [C]To return to the practice in the ?60s and ?70s.
 [D]To create stability in their lives.

19、Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?

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【正确答案】
C
 [A]They feared the complicated procedures.
 [B]They wanted to go against the trend.
 [C]They were afraid of losing face.
 [D]They were willing to stay together.

20、Years ago a divorced man in a company would have.

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【正确答案】
B
 [A]been shifted around the country.
 [B]had difficulty being promoted.
 [C]enjoyed a happier life.
 [D]tasted little bitterness of disgrace.

Section II Use of English（满分10分） Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (21)[]. As was discussed before, it was not (22)[] the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre?electronic (23)[], following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (24)[] of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (25)[] up,beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (26)[] through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (27)[] the 20th?century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees the process in (28)[]. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, (29)[], that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (30)[] by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (31)[] its impact on the media was not immediately (32)[]. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful,and they became “personal” too. as well as (33)[], with display becoming sharper and storage (34)[] increasing. They were thought of, like people, (35)[] generations, with the distance between generations much (36)[]. It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the (37)[] within which we now live. The communications revolution has (38)[] both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (39)[] views about its economic ,political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed (40)[] “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21、

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【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题固然涉及副词的使用知识，然而，更重要的是考查考生句与句之间语义逻辑的理解能力。本题考察对上下文句意的理解。第一句指出：人们常拿二十世纪电视的发展同十五六世纪印刷术的普及作比较。第二句承上转折，但在(十五六世纪到二十世纪)这段时间内发生了许多事，强调两者是不能相提并论的。四个选项都是时间副词，但只有BETWEEN…A AND …B结构，而忽略了它可以作为副词，表示介于某两从此时间或地点之间的时间或地点，此时BETWEEN=IN BETWEEN ADV.
 [A]between
 [B]before
 [C]since
 [D]later

22、

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【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对“IT WAS NOT UNTIL...THAT...”句型的把握。UNTIL表示“直到……才”，在IT WAS NOT UNTIL+时间 THAT+句子中，句中谓语动词用一般过去时，句意直到十九世纪，报纸才成为主要媒介。如果使用BY，是句子时态应改为完成时，即“BY THE 19TH CENTURY THE NEWSPAPER HAD BECOME THE DOMINANT MEDIUM”，在19世纪之前，报纸已成为主要媒介。而选［A］、［C］均不符合历史事实，报纸就是在19世纪开始发展成为主要媒体的。
 [A]after
 [B]by
 [C]during
 [D]until

23、

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【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生的词汇知识。MEDIUM是媒体，媒介的意思，复数形式为MEDIA,MASS MEDIA指大众传媒，大众传播工具(尤指电视、报纸、无线电等)考生往往熟知MEDIA，却不知道其单数形式MEDIUM。
 [A]means
 [B]method
 [C]medium
 [D]measure

24、

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【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题主要考查介词短语知识。从THE PAMPHLET和THE BOOK推断THE PERIODICAL应该也是和NEWSPAPER处于并列关系。IN THE COMPARY OF STH.=TOGETHER WITH 表示“与……一起”的意思。全句意思为：继宣传小册子和书本之后，直到十九世纪，报纸同杂志期刊一起成为电子时代之前的主要媒体。
 [A]process
 [B]company
 [C]light
 [D]form

25、

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【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查动词短语知识。SPEED UP 不及物动词短语，是“加速”的意思，只有此选项符合题意，全句是说，通讯革命也是在19世纪加速发展，从铁路运输开始，经过电报、电话、无线电和动画片，直到20世纪的摩托车和飞机。GATHER是“聚集”的意思；WORK UP一般作及物动词短语，如：WORK UP A BUSINESS拓展一家商店，WORK UP THE FEELINGS OF AN AUDIENCE，煽动听众情绪；PICK UP是“拾起，捡起”的意思。
 [A]gathered
 [B]speeded
 [C]worked
 [D]picked

26、

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【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查副词的使用知识。ON表示“进展，向前，继续活动”，是一个持续的状态，与句意“从铁路运输开始，一直经过一系列的发明(电报、电话……)”相符。短语LEAD OFF是“开始”的意思，与句意不符。
 [A]on
 [B]out
 [C]over
 [D]off

27、

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【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词的使用知识。该句从“THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION”开始的主要骨干为：THE REVOLUTION SPEEDED UP, BEGINNING WITH …, AND LEADING ON THROUGH…， …， …， INTO THE WORLD OF …
 [A]of
 [B]for
 [C]beyond
 [D]into

28、

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【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。短语IN PERSPECTIVE=IN THE RIGHT PERSPECTIVE，意指“以正确的观点；正确地”，这句话意思是：“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”。IN COCEPT “在概念上”，IN EFFECT则指“规则、法律仍在实施中，仍然有效”，或指“IN FACT ACTUALLY”，都与句意不符。
 [A]concept
 [B]dimension
 [C]effect
 [D]perspective

29、

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【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查考生语篇层次上的语义逻辑的把握能力。从上下文句意推断，上文强调并“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”，这里却说“20世纪初电子计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程，这一观点是大家公认的。”很显然这里是一种转折关系，只有HOWEVER符合题意，INDEED表示强调，HENCE和THEREFORE则是顺承的关系(因此，所以)。
 [A]indeed
 [B]hence
 [C]however
 [D]therefore

30、

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【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查词汇知识。从上下文时间关系上推断，20世纪60年代集成电路的发明②应该是在20世纪初电子计算机的使用①之后，因此用“FOLLOWED BY”，而BROUGHT BY则指②带来①，STIMULATED BY 指②刺激了①的产生，明显颠倒了两者之间的前后关系，CHACTERIZED BY则是说②是①的特征，也与事实不符。
 [A]brought
 [B]followed
 [C]stimulated
 [D]characterized

31、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对句内语义逻辑的识别能力。由上下文句意推断，前半句“20世纪初电子计算机的出现以及20世纪60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程，这一点为大家所公认”，是对计算机的肯定，而后半句“它对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影”，两句之间应是转折的关系，选ALTHOUGH UNLESS “除非”，SINCE “由于”，LEST “以免”，都不符合逻辑关系。
 [A]unless
 [B]since
 [C]lest
 [D]although

32、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查一般的词汇知识。结合上题分析，应选［A］，即“尽管计算机对媒体的影响并没有立即为人们所认识，人们却公认……”，选DESIRABLE, NEGATIVE都与上下文逻辑联系相悖，PLAUSIBLE是“可行的”，与IMPACT “影响”不能搭配。
 [A]apparent
 [B]desirable
 [C]negative
 [D]plausible

33、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生对词汇意义的准确把握程度。INSTITUTIONAL与PERSONAL形成相对的关系，意指计算机不仅为个人广泛使用，也被机关单位广泛采用。从AS WELL AS “推断”，所填单词应与PERSONAL “个人化的”，形成一种对应，比照的关系，而UNIVERSAL “普遍性的”；FUNDAMENTAL “基础性的”；INSTRUMENTAL “工具性的”，都不能满足这种关系。
 [A]institutional
 [B]universal
 [C]fundamental
 [D]instrumental

34、

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【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查近义词之间的辩析。ABILITY一般指有生命的人，动物的能力，CAPABILITY 指人具体做某事的能力，含“能否胜任某项工作”的意思，而FACULTY则指人的才能，能力，如THE FACULTY FOR LEARNING LANGUAGES “学习语言的才能”，而CAPACITY 可指非生命体的能力，容量，则有“容量”的意思，STORAGE CAPACITY 指“存储容量，内存大小”。
 [A]ability
 [B]capability
 [C]capacity
 [D]faculty

35

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查介词短语知识。这句话意思是说，人们认为，不同时代的电脑就像人一样，也分为一代、二代……，只是两代电脑电脑之间的相隔时间相对要短得多。IN TERMS OF “措词，说法”，BY MEANS OF 则是指“通过……的手段”，WITH REGARD TO是“鉴于，考虑到”的意思，IN LINE WITH 则是“与……一致”的意思=IN AGREEMENT WITH。
 [A]by means of
 [B]in terms of
 [C]with regard to
 [D]in line with

36、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
D
［注释］本题考查考生对“形容词+名词”之间的语义修饰的识别能力。这里考查的是与DISTANCE的搭配问题，只有［D］SMALL能与其搭配，常用的还有A GREAT DISTANCE LONG/SHORT DISTANCE等。
 [A]deeper
 [B]fewer
 [C]nearer
 [D]smaller

37、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
A
［注释］本题考查考生对一词多义的把握。本题实际上是找一个与“INFORMATION SOCIETY”相对应的词，而“信息社会”应该是指我们所生活的时代、社会背景，而CONTEXT不仅有我们所熟知的“上下文”之意，也指某一事件发生的环境、背景。此时CONTEXT=CIRCUMSTANCE, BACKGROUND SITUATION，而RANGE则指一定的范围，如射程，音域，价格上下浮动范围等。SCOPE指活动范围或观察范围、眼界等，TERRITORY则指领土、领域、区域，都没有环境、背景之意。
 [A]context
 [B]range
 [C]scope
 [D]territory

38、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查词汇的一般知识。INFLUENCE意指影响，REGARD指“注视，视为……”，IMPRESS指“给……留下印象”，而EFFECT作及物动词时指“实现，完成”，只有［C］符合句意，全句意为“通讯革命影响了我们的工作和休闲，以及我们的时空观，但是……”。
 [A]regarded
 [B]impressed
 [C]influenced
 [D]effected

39、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
B
［注释］本题考查考生利用上下文理解做题的能力。由“BUT”可以推断后半句是承前转折，前半句说“通讯革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲，还影响到我们的时空观”，但即使如此，“人们对其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的影响优然持……的观点”。COMPETITIVE 指“竞争性的”，DISTRACTING 指“令人分神的”，IRRATIONAL 则指“非理智的”，只有CONTRAVERSIAL “有争议的”符合上下文句意，即在此问题上人们各持己见，说法不一。
 [A]competitive
 [B]controversial
 [C]distracting
 [D]irrational

40、

（本题分值：0.5分）

【正确答案】
C
［注释］本题考查“动词+介词”的搭配使用知识。WEIGH STH. AGAINST STH. 是一个短语，表示将两者进行对比，比较，两相权衡，尤其是两种相对的事物，如本题的权衡利弊，WEIGH UPON SB./STH. 是“某件事，使某人产生焦虑，某事沉甸甸地压在某人心头”之意，STH. WEIGH WITH SB. 是“某事影响某人，对某人而言有分量”的意思。
 [A]above
 [B]upon
 [C]against
 [D]with

Section ⅢReading Comprehension Part A （满分40分） Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Passage1
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses? convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival in suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that?s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he?s a doctor.” If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it?ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman?s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn?t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chaiman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off?the?cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it?s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light?hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don?t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
41.To make your humor work, you should

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
C
［注释］这是一道作者观点题。题意是：要使你的幽默奏效的话，你应该：［A］TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SB. 是“欺骗，捉弄”的意思，［B］MAKE FUN OF… 是“嘲笑，取笑”，［C］对不同的人谈论不同的问题，强调要有针对性，［D］同情你的听众。
本题考查考生对文章第一段的理解，［A］、［B］两项仅凭常识也可以排除，再去第一段映证，文中亦无此含义，而从“DEPENDING ON WHOM YOU ARE ADDRESSING, THE PROBLEMS WILL BE DIFFERENT”。以及下面一句举的两个例子，这里强调的是幽默的针对性，选［C］。［D］项为干扰选项，虽然文中出现“IN SYMPATHY WITH THEIR POINT OF VIEW”，但并不是“同情”之意，而是“同意，赞成”之意。
本题题干其实就是第一段大意，只不过换了一种说法而已，考生要培养迅速将问题与文章内容建立对应转换关系的能力，尤其要注意正确理解段落主干句的含义，如第一段第一句“IDENTIFY SHARED EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMS”以及“RELEVANT”就是很好的解题线索。
 [A]take advantage of different kinds of audience.
 [B]make fun of the disorganized people.
 [C]address different problems to different people.
 [D]show sympathy for your listeners.

42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
B
［注释］这是一道暗示题。题意为：有关医生的玩笑暗指在护士的眼中，医生是：［A］对新来的人不礼貌，B?意识到自己的职责像上帝的职责一样，有强烈的使命感。［C］享有某些特权。［D］即使在午饭时间也很忙。
本题考查考生对第二段的笑话能否充分理解，从表面上看，［A］、［C］、［D］都是正确的，第二段第四句“EVERYONE IS…POLITE…UNTIL, WAITING…FOR LUNCH, THE NEW ARRIVAL IS…PUSHED ASIDE BY…”描述的就是上帝在午餐时间不排队，冲向队伍前面抢先领取午餐的情景，“不礼貌”，“有特权”，“繁忙”都似乎是说得通的，但这个笑话的实质并不停留在这一层面，而是借此形容医生总是有强烈的使命感和责任感，因为医生总是冲到排除等候的病人前面去为他们看病的。即使考生一时拿不准这个笑话的含义，从［A］、［C］、［D］三个选项都属于同一层次的描述也可以判断，既然不能同时选［A］、［C］、［D］，答案只能是［B］。
 [A]impolite to new arrivals.
 [B]very conscious of their godlike role.
 [C]entitled to some privileges.
 [D]very busy even during lunch hours.

43、It can be inferred from the text that public scrvices

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道推论题。题意是说，从文中可以推断，公共事业：［A］造福许多人，［B］是公众关注的焦点，［C］不适合作笑料，［D］常被人拿来作为笑料。首先用排除法，［A］、［B］与本文重点“HUMOR”无关，而从第二段最后一句话“YOU WILL BE ON SAFER GROUND IF YOU STICK TO SCAPEGOATS(替罪羊)，LIKE THE POST OFFICE OR THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM.”可以看出，使邮局或电信系统这样的公共事业开玩笑是无伤大雅的，因此选［D］。
本题属细节题，需要考生在文中仔细寻找与“PUBLIC SERVICES”相对应的细节，考生如果不能找到POST OFFICE与PUBLIC SERVICE之间的逻辑从属关系，这题就很难下手。
 [A]have benefited many people.
 [B]are the focus of public attention.
 [C]are an inappropriate subject for humor.
 [D]have often been the laughing stock.

44、To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
D
［注释］这是一道作者观点题。题意是：如果幽默故事要达到期望的效果，应该以什么样的方式讲述。
［A］以得体的措辞，［B］尽量不高明地，尴尬地，［C］夸张，［D］尽量随意
本题与第三段有关。第三段说，如果你感觉自己的风趣幽默很不自然，你还得常练习，以使幽默变得更自然一些，不造作。加进一些“CASUAL、OFF?THE?CUFF(未经准备的，即席的)”的评论，并以一种“RELAXED, UNFORCED”的方式讲述，由这几个关键词可以看出，［D］为正确选项。
 [A]in well?worded language.
 [B]as awkwardly as possible.
 [C]in exaggerated statements.
 [D]as casually as possible.

45、The best title for the text may be

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
A
［注释］这是一道主旨题。题意是要为本文选择一个合适的题目：［A］使幽默奏效，［B］各种各样的幽默，［C］在言语中加进幽默，［D］不同的幽默策略
第一、二段讲的是要使幽默奏效，应该有针对性，对不同的听众讲不同的话题，第三段讲的是怎样讲笑话才能取得最好的效果，因此，排除［B］、［C］，而在［A］、［D］之间，［A］比［D］更准确，更能概括全文的内容，因此选［A］。
译文 解读 如果你想在你的谈话中，用幽默来逗别人笑，你必须知道如何找到跟听众共同的经历，或者你们同样面临的问题。你的幽默必须是跟听众相关的，并且让他们感觉到你是他们中间的一员，或者你让他们认为你了解他们的处境，并且跟他们有相似的观点。根据听众的不同，你必须采用不同的方式。如果你对一群管理人员讲话，你可以谈论他们秘书的散漫和低效率。相反的，你在跟一些秘书谈话时，你就应该谈论他们经理的散漫和没有效率。 这是一篇议论文。
第一段提出观点：要幽默，就要找出你与听者的共同之处。 这里就有一个例子，我是在一所护士学校听到这故事的，这是一个很能逗人发笑的故事，因为所有的人对医生都有同样的印象。故事是这样的：有一个人来到了天堂，圣彼得带他熟悉周围的环境。他看到良好的住宿条件，美丽的花园，温暖的气候，如此种种。每一个人都很安静，有礼貌，并且友好。直到他排队吃午饭的时候，这位新来的天堂居民突然被一个穿白色外套的人挤到一边，那个人冲到队伍的最前边，一把抓起了他的食物，大步走到餐桌边，自己吃饭去了。这个新来的人就问圣彼得：“那个人是谁?”圣彼得回答说：“那就是上帝，不过有时他认为自己是个大夫。”
如果你是听众中的一员，你可能很容易了解你们共同的经历和问题。这样，你所随便作出的一些评论可能都很合适，你可以抱怨食堂难吃的食物，或者主席在选择领带方面臭名昭著的恶劣品味。在面对另外一些听众的时候，你就不能开这种玩笑，他们可能不希望一个外来人抱怨他们的食堂，或者嘲笑他们的主席。如果你另找一些替罪羊，比如说邮政或电话系统，可能安全得多。 第二、三段举例说明幽默的效果取决于共同认识。 如果你想让自己变得幽默的时候总觉得不自然，那么你需要一些练习才好。你可以用一种随随便便的方式讲一些细小的，或者不相干的废话。观众发笑的原因是讲话的方式，而不是讲话的内容。所以说话的时候要尽量慢一点，扬起眉毛，或者作出一副难以置信的表情，这都有助于让听众知道你在讲一件有趣的事情。 第四段提出幽默应自然。 你要在生活中寻找幽默，幽默经常产生于意想不到的方面。你可以篡改一些俗话(比如说“一击不中，悄然远引”)，或者作出一些夸大的言行，让别人合乎情理的期待落空。准备讲话的时候，先看看草稿，找出一些你能改变的词汇和句子，把幽默注入其中。 第五段强调幽默的关键是要出人意料。
 [A]Use Humor Effectively.
 [B]Various Kinds of Humor.
 [C]Add Humor to Speech.
 [D]Different Humor Strategies.

Section Ⅲ Part B (每题2分，共10分) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. (61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. (62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. (63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. (64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? (65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

61、62、63、64、65

（本题分值：2分）

【正确答案】
难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

Section IV (共20分)Writing

66、 Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures—National and International”. In the essay you should
1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and
2) give your comment on the phenomenon. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
An American girl in traditional Chinese costume(服装)

（本题分值：20分）

【正确答案】
略