2006年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题（完整版)
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Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, Ｃ or D on ANSWER SHEET １ .(10points)

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America ‘s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can‘t possibly _____2____ . To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ t he figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is _____8____ , one of the federal government‘s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. _ __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a _ __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, ____14____ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__ . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_ 17___ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _ ____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts , ___19__ it. “There has to be _____20___ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”

1 ． [A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore

2 ． [A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain

3 ． [A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward

4 ． [A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep

5 ． [A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not

6 ． [A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ

7 ． [A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that

8 ． [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending

9 ． [A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers

10 ． [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss

11 ． [A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only

12 ． [A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house

13 ． [A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering

14 ． [A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas

15 ． [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance

16 ． [A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up

17 ． [A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating

18 ． [A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus

19 ． [A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes

20 ． [A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A


Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text 1

In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19 th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum , Gregory Rodriguez reports that today‘s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.

The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.

Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.

Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‘s assimilative power.”

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America ? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America ‘s turbulent past, today‘s social indices suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.


21 ． The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing


22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19 th century

• played a role in the spread of popular culture.

• became intimate shops for common consumers.

• satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.

• owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.


23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.

• are resistant to homogenization.

• exert a great influence on American culture.

• are hardly a threat to the common culture.

• constitute the majority of the population.


24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

A. To prove their popularity around the world.

B. To reveal the public‘s fear of immigrants.

C. To give examples of successful immigrants.

D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.


25. In the author‘s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

A. rewarding B. successful C. fruitless D. harmful

Text 2

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry — William Shakespeare — but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon . And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway‘s Cottage, Shakespeare‘s birthplace and the other sights.

The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC‘s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It‘s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side — don‘t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town‘s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

The townsfolk don‘t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

Anyway, the townsfolk can‘t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they‘ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford ‘s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10: 30 a .m.

Text 3

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today‘s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.


31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.

B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.

D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones


32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm‘s paper that

A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.

B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.

D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.


33 ． By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that

A. fishing technology has improved rapidly

B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

D. the data collected so far are out of date.


34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that

A. people should look for a baseline that can‘t work for a longer time.

B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass

C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations


35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries‘

• management efficiency

• biomass level

• catch-size limits

• technological application.

Text 4

Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists‘ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

This wasn‘t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth‘s daffodils to Baudelaire‘s flowers of evil.

You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it‘s not as if earlier times didn‘t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It‘s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.


36 ． By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that

A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.

B. Art grows out of both positive and negative feeling.

C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.

D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.


37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something

A. religious B. unpleasant C. entertaining D. commercial


• In the author‘s opinion, advertising

• emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.

• is a cause of disappointment for the general peer

• replaces the church as a major source of information

• creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.


• We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes

• Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.

• The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.

• Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.

• The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms


• Which of the following is true of the text?

• Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.

• Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.

• People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.

• mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.



Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville , Ind. , home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $ 35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user‘s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a .m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a .m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

In March 1998, a friend of Williams‘s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams‘s gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________.

The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams‘s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________.

The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________.

Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers‘ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web‘s most profitable business.


(A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino‘s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

(B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

(C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

(D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.

(E). David Williams‘s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don‘t bet on it.

(F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

(G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?



Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)

Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic( 苏格拉底 ) way about moral problems . He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. ( 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”
Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)


Part B

52. Directions:

Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should

• describe the photos briefly,

• interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

• give your point of view.

1. D.本句接第一句。前句说无家可归者的比例越来越大，接下来的这句话表示递进，所以选furthermore.A选项表示“的确”，B选项likewise意思为“同理，同样”，C选项therefore表示因果关系，三个错误选项干扰性最大的是A选项，因为从逻辑上来分析，它入选的可能也很大，但相比之下递进的意思更符合逻辑。难度：☆☆☆☆

　　2. B这里表示第一句中提到的问题已经让地方政府无法应付了，因此选择cope（应付，应对）。A选项stand表示“容忍”，C选项approve表示“同意”，D选项retain表示“保留”，均不合题意。难度：☆☆

　　3. D本句表示“帮助无家可归的人走向独立”，故选择toward.本题的干扰项是C选项的with.虽然我们学过to help sb. with…这样的句型，但该句型表示的是“帮助某人做/学什么”的意思，如help me with my English（帮助我学习英语），help me with my exercises（帮助我做作业）。难度：☆☆☆

　　4. A这里表示“提高最低工资待遇”，只有当人们能够挣到更多的钱，无家可归的人才会减少，故选raise.干扰项是B选项add.虽然add也表示增加，但当表达提高工资时，我们使用raise，而不用add.难度：☆

　　5. D本题四个选项中，A选项generally和B选项almost表示肯定含义，C选项hardly和D选项not表示否定。根据上下文，本句说的是“并非每个人都同意”，所以排除A和B.同时，hardly只能与anyone等词搭配，表示“几乎没有任何人”，不能与everyone搭配，故正确答案为not.Not everyone agrees…表示“不是每个人都同意……”的意思。难度：☆

　　6. C本句意思为“估计数字的范围大约从60万到300万之间”，使用range from…to…的句型。干扰项是A选项的cover，但cover表示“覆盖”，不表示范围。D选项differ主要强调不同，而本句并未强调不同，而是强调范围，故选择range.难度：☆☆☆

　　7. B根据后文，本句表达的是让步意义，即，“虽然对这一数字人们意见不一，但人们却都同意另外一个事实”，因此选择although.其余选项不合题意。难度：☆

　　8. C本题为词汇辨析题。四个选项都表达“增加，扩张”的含义，但由于本句主语为the number，因此只能搭配increase.A选项inflate表示“膨胀”，B选项expand表示“在面积上扩张”，D选项extend表示“在长度上延伸”。难度：☆

　　9. A本句表示的是“预测”，故选择predict.D选项的discover为干扰项，从汉语的角度似乎说得通，即，“研究发现……”，然而，若说“发现”，后边的宾语从句只能使用一般现在时，如发现了一个什么规律等，但本句后边使用的是将来时，所以只能理解为“预测”。难度：☆☆

　　10. A本题比较难，A选项的assist表示“帮助”，B选项的track表示“跟踪”；C选项的sustain表示“维持，使……继续活下去”；D选项的dismiss表示“解散，让……离开”。从全段来看，后面主要讲如何维持住这些无家可归者们的稳定，不仅要给他们吃住，还要解决他们其他一系列的问题，这就暗示前面的主题句讲的是帮助无家可归者，此外，从与名词population的搭配来看，也只有A选项最合适。难度：☆☆☆☆☆

　　11. C根据题意，本句是让步的意思，“即使当他们有吃有住，他们仍然会……”，所以选择C选项的even.难度：☆☆

　　12. B本题为词汇辨析题。四个选项都有“住房”、“住处”的意思，但B选项的shelter除了表示“藏身处”之外，还有“保护”的意思，而下文明显有此含义，故选择B.难度：☆☆☆☆

　　13. D本题同样为词汇辨析题，主要要区分B选项stroll和D选项wander.Stroll表示“闲逛，悠闲地散步”，而wander则表示“徘徊，乱逛”的意思，很明显，wander更符合题意。难度：☆☆

　　14. C本句表达让步，“虽然许多人……，但是……”，可以使用although/though，但选项中并未提供这两个词，但我们知道while也可以用来表达although的意思，故选择C选项的while.难度：☆☆

　　15. A本题主要是区分life skills和survival skills，前者表示“生活能力”，后者表示“生存技能”，由于文章讨论无家可归者的基本生活问题，故应选择A选项。难度：☆☆☆

　　16. A本题为词组搭配。Turn around表示“转过身”，turn on表示“打开”等意思，turn up表示“出现”等意思，turn over表示“翻转”。本句意思应该为“他们缺乏生存技能来改变自己的生活”，也就是说将生活“翻转”，故选择A选项的turn around.难度：☆☆☆☆

　　17. B本句题意为“全面的规划”，所以用B选项的comprehensive.A选项complex强调复杂性；C选项complementary强调互补性；D选项compensating强调补偿性，所以均不合题意。难度：☆☆☆

　　18. C难度：☆

　　19. A本题和上题一起构成一个句型：as sb. puts it，意思为“正如……说的那样”。故18题选择C选项的as，19题选择A选项的puts.难度：☆

　　20. D本句强调各种计划中的协同，故选择D选项的coordination.A选项的supervision意思为“监督，管理”，B选项的manipulation意思为“操纵”，C选项的regulation意思为“调节，校准”，均不合题意。难度：☆☆☆☆

　　Tex1

　　21.C 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.B

　　Tex2

　　26 A 27.B 28.C 29.D 30.D Text 3

　　31.C 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.B

　　Text 4

　　36.B 37.B 38.D 39.C 40.A

　　Part B

　　41. C.要根据时间顺序和David Williams对赌博越来越着迷，输得钱越来越多这个角度来分析，第二段整个讲他赌博上瘾，不能自拔的过程，而且越输越多。

　　42. A.此段讲赌场知道他上瘾后对他采取的补救措施，但是他要起诉赌场，就举出了赌场并没有确实实施措施的例子：比如依旧向他进行商业推广而且也没有限制他进入。此题较难

　　43. B.简单，只要看lure一词的重现关系即可

　　44. F.此题比较难，只能从此空格的后面的逻辑关系来推测。后面讲到过去的character flaws or moral failings我们今天依据科学都视为physical disabilities，这个意思和选项中的medicalizing more and more behavioral problems意思是一致的。

　　45. D.此题还是应该从后文中找答案，即看此空和后面一段的关系，后面地一句就说到美国44个州有彩票，29个州有赌场，这说明赌博在美国很普及，而D答案中最后一句说在美国最重要和积极的赌博推广者是政府，正好可以和后文相接。

　　Part C

　　46、I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems.

　　参考译文：

　　1、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体：他用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题，并以此作为其生命中的主要职责与乐趣。

　　2、我把知识分子定义为这样的个体，他把用苏格拉底的方式思考道德问题作为自己的主要责任与乐趣。

　　翻译点评：

　　本句话的翻译主要难在句子结构的宏观把握，关键要抓住以下两点：第一，who引导的定于从句比较长，所以采取后置翻译的方法；第二，“as his primary duty and pleasure in life”是状语成分，本应放在句末作补充说明，由于elected的宾语“the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格拉底）way about moral problems”比较长，所以as引导的状语作了前置处理，形成倒装。

　　从微观层面来讲，句子的词义把握总体简单，其中的define…as…（把…定义为…），这个词组在2003年就考过，Socratic还给出了中文。考生要注意的是两点：第一，him这个代词需要根据上文译出“知识分子”，否则译文不够完整通顺，而intellectual这个单词在历年考题中出现过多次，考生应该认识。第二，elect基本的意思是选举，推选，这里需要根据上下文作适当的引申，可以理解为“选择”。其实在翻译时，不用译出elect的意思。

　　（47）His function is analogous to that of a judge，who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a maerer as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　参考译文：

　　1、知识分子的作用与法官的作用类似，后者必须承担用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程的责任。

　　2、知识分子的作用类似于法官的作用，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。

　　翻译点评：

　　本句话的翻译和46题相似，仍旧看重句子结构的分析。首先，who引导的定于从句是一个非限制性定于从句而且比较长，所以后置翻译，而且a judge这个名词不够具体，特点不够明显，所以who引导的定语从句是在限定a judge.其次，“in as obvious a matter as possible”是状语成分，用来说明reveal的方式，“the course of reasoning which led him to his decision”是reveal的宾语。由于动词语宾语被状语隔开，所以考生在历届时有一定困难。最后，“which led him to his decision”这个定语从句较短，可以先行词前面翻译。

　　从微观的词义方面来看，本句话要注意以下几个方面：第一，His function最好译出“知识分子的作用”；第二，analogous表示相似的，可理解为similar，很多考生不能较好把握这个单词；第三，in as obvious a manner as possible中包含in an obvious manner（明显的方式）和as obvious as possible（尽可能明显）两个词组，翻译时需要准切理解词组的结合。

　　（48）I have excluded him because，while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems，he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　参考译文：

　　1、我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是承担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务。

　　（改进：我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为虽然他的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是触及了这些问题的事实方面。）

　　2、因为虽然普通科学家的成就有助于解决道德问题，但是他只是承担了触及这些问题事实方面的任务，所以我把他排除在外。

　　翻译点评：

　　宏观上来讲，本句话不难，主要考察因果关系，虽然在原因部分加入while引导的让步从句，但句子结构仍旧简单。

　　本句话的难点在于微观层面的词义把握。Exclude与include相反，是排除的意思；accomplishment表示成就；contribute to意为有利于，有助于；be charged with应该是考生最难理解的地方，它最普通的意思是控告，但这里be charged with a task应理解为承担一项任务。另外，句子中有个分开的词组，not…any but…，表示only，理解为“仅仅”；可见，考研翻译是以一定的词汇量为基础的。除了这些词义的把握，在翻译时还要注意把句子开头的代词him具体化，指代上文中的单数名词average scientist（普通科学家）。

　　（49）But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity，any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　参考译文：

　　1、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非是思考约束其行为的道德准则，这正如人们不期望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。

　　2、但是普通科学家的主要任务并非思考道德准则，虽然道德准则约束着他的行为；这正如人们不指望商人致力于探究商业行为规范。

　　翻译点评：

　　从宏观框架层面来看，关键是要把握两点：第一，“which governs his activity”这个定于从句可以放在被限定的名词前面，译文会显得简练，当然后置翻译也是可以的；考生最难把握的是not…any more than…，表示两者类似。所以后半句话是用类比的方式对前半句话进行说明。

　　在词义的微观层面上，有些词组需要注意。moral code中，code表示编码，道德编码不同顺，需要结合汉语表达习惯，译为“道德准则”，“道德标准”等。dedicate to表示致力于，如果这个词组没有准确理解，句子就很难译好。Exploration是开发探索之意，翻译时需要做一点调整。看见，考研翻译不仅考察对单词的认知，而且考察根据上下文作意思转换与引申的能力。

　　（50）They may teach very well，and more than earn their salaries，but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.

　　参考译文：

　　1、教师可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是大部分教师对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。

　　翻译点评：

　　本句话相对简单，句子用虽然…但是…的结构即可从前往后按顺序翻译，为译需要作调整的地方就是句子最后的定于从句。该定语从句较短，可以放在先行词前面翻译。

　　在词义把握的微观层面，要注意more than表示不仅仅，超过；little具有否定意味，不能翻译为一些等。

　　纵观2006年1月14日的考研翻译，句子长度难度与近两年相差不大，句子结构重在定语从句和倒装结构的处理，考察了因果关系、转折关系等，这些都是和往年一年。难的地方是出现了分散的否定结构，以及一些单词根据上下文作意思转换引申。另外，这次翻译中出现了以往考过的不少单词，说明了历年真题的作用，值得引起考生注意。

　　Section III writing

　　略

　　注意：答案仅供参考